雅思大作文

雅思作文的评分标准：

1. 写作任务完成情况
2. 连贯与衔接
3. 词汇丰富程度
4. 语法多样性及准确性

写作前的策略：

1. 头脑风暴：短时间内迅速把想到的东西列出来（理由、关键词、速度一定要快）
2. 罗列起来（组织起自己想的观点，并且想出能用什么解决方法）
3. 想到什么写什么（随便写，唤起肌肉记忆，什么都可以写，把自己引入英语学习的环境，内容语法什么的都不用管）

这些词语都表示论文：

Thesis 多指学术类论文
Paper在表示论文的时候可数
Essay指小作文
Dissertation 指毕业论文

开头段

为什么写开头段？
没有第二次来给别人做一个Initial impression第一映像！
The opening paragraph if your paper will provide your readers with their initial impressions of your
能够给别人带来一个很好的印象

开头段应该包括：背景信息 +观点陈述
能够给出的东西：some facts. some statistic. Some opinions.
Thesis statement 就是陈述自己的观点，对自己的观点进行表述

两个方法来写开头段：常用句型
例子：Air travel has benefited a lot of people, but it is claimed that non-essential travel should be reduced. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
回答：People are involved in the discussion about whether air travel should be restricted.
Reduce ---Restrict 都可以翻译为 减少
常用句型：People are involved in the discussion about……(weather)

例子2：Do you think it is better to send criminals to jail or provide them with education or job training?
Jail---Prison监狱
Warning：一定要有自己的观点，不能都选
回答：In contrast to imprisonment, job training or education is considered as a better alternative.
相比起监禁，提供一个教育培训和工作培训被认为是一个更好的选择
a better alternative 更好的选择
imprisonment 监禁

Showtime:
Nowadays a large amount of advertising（广告） is aimed at children. Some people think it has negative effect on children and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
当今，大量的广告是针对于儿童的，一些人认为这些对儿童有不利的影响而应该被禁止。在某种程度上你同意或不同意？
Warning：考试的时候不能有简写，比如advertising 简写为ad.，包括can’t也不行，一定要写成cannot!
但是国家可以写成U.S.A之类的，TV也可以

我的答案：People are involved in the discussion about advertisement should not disturb children’s life, in contrast to advertisement, education is a is considered as a batter alternative. As far as I’m concerned, advertisement should not diaper in children’s life.
句型：In the commercial society, we are surrounded by various kinds of advertisements.
句型2：Advertisements can be seen anywhere in our life, on TV, on billboards and on the internet
句型3：In today’s society, advertisement …

Thesis statement例句：

1. In my view/opinion…
2. From my point of view, I tend to think/believe/feel that…
3. I would argue that…
4. As far as I am concerned…
5. Arguably（有争议的,一般放在句首）/As a matter of fact/ interestingly/ Clearly/ To a certain extent
6. I agree with this opinion to some extent
7. I think this viewpoint is reasonable
8. In my point of view. This practice has benefit as well as drawbacks
9. This argument may be true

课后作业：写一个开头段，要有ppt里的至少一个短语（in my opinion之类的），2-3句话就行
题目：一些人认为在现代社会，学术素质是不重要的，我们需要的是社交能力。你同意或者不同意这个观点？

我的答案：With the development of modern science and technology, academic qualification is no longer significant than social skill. Arguably, some students who is gifted in study and research are bad at talk with other. In my opinion, social skill is more essential that academic qualification.

修改之后的答案：Now days, some people believe that social skills are more important than academic qualifications. I agree with this opinion to some extent, but academic qualifications are the most crucial factor that determines whether someone can get a good job.

语法

英语有10个词性，人物事
人称代词 I 、we 、you 、he 、she 、they
指示代词this 、that 、these 、those

实词：有意义的词语（注意指代一致，单数就是单数，复数就是复数）
动词：会动的词就是动词
Be动词
第三人称单数：他她它 后面的动词要加s
虚词：没什么意思的
冠词：an apple、An incredible story
介词：介词后加ing
连词：用于连接单词，短语，句子的
连词，用于连接句子和短语的

FANBOYS
For And Nor But Or Yet So

主语：主谓宾定状补 表语
主语：人事物
谓语：解释主语
定于：修饰名词
状语：修饰动词
句子类型：陈述句，祈使句（下命令，要求，后一般加感叹号），感叹句
从结构上来说，有简单句，并列句，复合句。

常见的10个错误

1. 拼写
2. 主谓一致
3. 词性误用：用形容词用了动词
4. 词不达意：要用同义词替换，替换失败的就是无法同义替换
5. 没有使用高级词汇
6. 动词时态或语态误用
7. 情态动词误用 may be / should be / could be
8. 句子不完整、不通顺 : 句子里缺斤少两
9. 句子成分多余 : 死命往里面塞单词
10. 中式英语

Get – obtain获得
In many cases 在很多情况下
If a person wants to get promotion, 如果一个人想得到提高

时间状语从句，条件状语从句，目的状语从句，原因状语从句，虚拟语气
状语：
状语的表现形式一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不一定或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但是也可以放在句首或句中。
状语的作用：状语说明地点、条件、时间、目的、原因、结果、方向、程度、方式和伴随状态。
举个栗子，I really like you 这里的really就是程度副词

    He studies English hard. 
    I can barely\hardly hear you.  

条件状语从句 conditionals ：
分为两大类：真实条件句、虚拟条件句
真实条件表示一定会发生的，比如明天下雨的话我们就去看电影
虚拟条件句表示不可能会发生的，比如如果十年前我在机场挽留了你，我们就会在一起。

课堂练习：
If I was the man, I will not do all of the hose work in one day
If the man had done some of the house work yesterday, he would not have been so tired.

Nearsighted近视的
If I were the boy, I would not spend the hall day to play the computer game.
If the boy had kept away from the screen, he would not have been nearsighted.

时间状语从句 adverbial clauses of time ：
Come and talk to me when (从属连词)you feel lonely.
I was talking to Adam while Henty was making dinner.
Before after

I had a car accident before I came to neusoft
I could eat 7 hamburgers in dinner when I were 18 years old.
Mylaptop has been stolen when I was in the high school.

目的状语从句(adverbial clause of purpose) ;
So that 以致
从属连词表目的状语从句

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of reason
Because, since, in case
表示一种原因
Since在这里是因为的意思

Qualified
If you had qualified with master degree, I would marry with you.

Carelessly
I do my homework carelessly when I am watching TV.

定语从句 adjective clause = relative clause = attributive clause：限定性从句、非限定性定语从句

定语通常以形容词的形式出现，主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或者代词的品质与特征的。
Today is a good day. （主系表结构）
Good (定语
A (什么都不是
She is the girl (that) everyone likes.
=she is the girl
=everyone like the girl
That 指代的是前面的girl

限定性定语从句：
大多数限定性定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“。。。的东西”，限定性定语从句的从句如果被拿掉，意思发生变化，句子甚至不能成立。
The girl who stands right in front of us is Tia.
非限定性定语从句：
对所修饰的词没有限制此意的作用，只是补充一些说明，通常有一个逗号把从句和主句分开，非限定性定语从句拿掉从句部分以后，句子仍然成立
Tia, who stands right in front of us is our IELTS writing teacher.

先行词： 关系代词、关系副词
关系代词 : that which who whom whose
代表前面的名词-人、物
把从句和主语连接起来

That万能的，既可以表人，亦可以表物
Can you think of anyone that can look after him?
This is the best dinner that I have ever had.

Which表东西和动物，可做主语也可做宾语
She was not in the train which arrived just now.
The dog which was lost has been found.
These are the conditions which we have to accept.

Who只能表人，只能表主语
The man who rubbed her has been arrested.
The girl who served in the ship were the owner’s daughters.

Whom只能表人，只能做宾语
The man whom I saw told me to come back today.
The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their salary.
The man with whom I was travelling didn’t speak English.

Whose表某人的，只能做定语
A mental patient is one whose mind is disordered.
I have a friend whose father is a government office.

关系副词：where when why
修饰前面的名词-物、事
把从句和主句连接起来
在从句中充当一个成分-状语
I remember the day (when) we met each other.
口语上可以省略when，但是书面语不行

在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中做宾语时，在绝大多数情况下可以省略，特别是在口语中
在非限定定语哦从句中，通常不用that做先行词，也不可以省略先行词
关系副词有：that which who whom whose
关系副词有： where when why，在大多数情况下可以省略

几个常见的语法错误：

1. 拼写
2. 主谓错误
3. 词性误用
4. 词不达意
5. 没有使用高级词汇
6. 动词时态或语态误用（过去现在将来，主动语态被动语态）
7. 情态动词误用
8. 句子成分残缺、句子不通顺
9. 句子成分多余
10. 中式英语
11. 特指泛指和误用
12. 单数和复数

连词不能放句首：because, but, and
应该用：because of, due to, also, however
不要使用第一和第二人称
不要使用缩写和简写
不要使用问句 : why do I think so? It’s because…
Why is that so important? It’s because…
Because of the fact that
Equip someone with knowledge

主体段

学习目标：主体段要有主题句和支持的论点和 论据
Topic sentence and supporting details
Be able to give reason and examples to support an opinion
Be able to use the conjunction words and, but, so appropriately.
Be able to use 连词

What are the writing steps?
How to write a good topic sentence?
How to give supporting details
如何使用连接词让文章更有逻辑性

老师在PPT上放的栗子：
In the first place, in order to attract children’s interests, may advertisers tend to overemphasize the “fun side” of their products. Their always promote products such as computer games, dolls, animal parks, and so on. I admit that these products may be important to children, yet too much of them would distract children from their study. Even when they are advertising learning-aid products, the advertisers often claim their products will make children’s learning process full of fun. This may mislead the children’s thinking because it gives children a false impression that they do not have to put many efforts into their study

栗子2：
At the same time, children advertising is partly responsible for keeping children away from the reality. Catering to the psychological needs of children, many advertisements describe the world in highly imaginative and unrealistic manners. （很多广告把这个世界描述的天花乱坠） For instance（举个栗子）, when they want to sell entertainment park tickets to children to children,（当他们想要给儿童出售游乐园门票的时候） they will describe the world as a place full of love and without any danger at all. （他们会把这个世界秒速为一个充满爱和没有危险的地方）A child who has been made to believe this kind of advertising will have a hard time when they come across troubles In teal life. （一个相信了这个广告的孩子，碰到了麻烦的时候会难以挺过去）

• 如何去找理由

1. 人
2. 事
3. 物
4. 地点

举个栗子: children should always follow their parent’s advice. To what extent do you agree or disagree with it?
人：会成为一个没有主见的人、长不大永远是个孩子
事：父母的观念不与时俱进，不一定会帮得上忙、当碰到事情的时候父母的意见不一定帮得上忙

结构常用句型:
I agree/disagree this topic because……
First all, ……
Second, ……

上课练手的句子：
I disagree this topic because parents may not be helpful in social sociality. They are still thinking things as an old way that cannot solute question at present. Next, always under the protect of parents could not make their kids to advance.
All in all, listen to parents advance may will make child become nose of wax.

• 如何去论述？

举例论证for example / for instance 比如举例个人（不要举身边人的例子）（最好用外国的人的例子）
因果论证because of, / therefore, / hence… 找出一件事情的起因和结果（因为…所以…）
对比论证on the contrary, / on one hand, / on the other hand…同一件事情的不同角度来分析（孩子不应该总听父母的话，这会让他们变得很没主见和独立，反而言之，那些不独立的孩子很容易在社会和事业上更容易获得成功）
演绎论证additionally, / also, / next. / in other words, / that is to say,描述一个步骤balabalabala

如何用举例论证来写文章？
举个例子:
I disagree with the topic because it will kill the children’s creativity and freedom. Everyone should be responsible for their own life and they have the rights to decide what they want wo do in their future. （每个人都有权利为自己的认识负责，选择他们未来想做的和想成为的人）For example, Steve Jobs, one of the greatest inventors and entrepreneurs in the united states, decide to quit for his university and initiated his career from establishing a computer company. （举个例子，乔布斯决定从学校退学来建立一个电脑公司）The decision and efforts that he made led him to be a great man who changed the world in technologies on twenty-fist century.（他的这些决定让他成为了一个伟大的人，在21世纪改变了这个世界）

那么，因果论证呢？
I disagree with the topic because it will kill the children’s creativity and freedom. If children’s bodies and minds are controlled buy their parents totally, the children can never achieve their values of living in this world. The children can never discover their potentials such as doing the work that they want, cultivation hobbies that they like, and making the best contributions to the society. Hence, controlling children by asking them to always listen to their parents’ advice can never make them creatine and give them the true freedom

接下来就是对比论证！
I disagree with the topic because it will kill the children’s creativity and freedom. Kids who are given enough freedom in thinking b u their parents are more inventive and independent. They are more likely to become an excellent scientist or inventor in many fields to contribute to our society. On the coronary, children who are not given sufficient freedom or encouragement on thinking independently, are less likely to achieve their true values in this society. They may be persuaded to be less adventurous or they are trained to be an excellent present in some fields that they are not actually skilled at or passionate for.

演绎论证：
Achieve their values
In other words 换句话说
Discover their potentials
Cultivation hobbies
Making the best contributions to the society

写作步骤

1. 论点和论据，列大纲
2. 开头段，背景信息和观点重述
3. 主体段，先写主题句
4. 要用一个论证方法开始论证
5. 用衔接词
6. 用高级词汇和同义词
7. 用不同句型（简单并列复合）
8. 总结段（观点重述和段落总结）
9. 避免语法错误
10. 两分钟检查

列大纲：
Introduction: back ground information:
People are involved
Thesis statement:
I agree…
Body paragraphs:
论点1+论据
论点2+论据
Conclusion:
Restatement:
I firmly support disagree with
Brief summary:
Because:123

主体段的两个因素是什么？
主题句和论点和论据

从哪4个方面来找理由
人、事、物、地点

4个论证方法？
举例、因果、对比、演绎

使用连词来让文章变的更有逻辑性
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
FANBOYS
这几个是连词，连词不能放在句首
But 和So 是并列连词，用于连接前一个句子或者单词和其他的
Because是从属连词，不能放在句首
但是because of就可以

衔接词：副词或短语放在句首，都叫做连接词
However, Therefore, First, Finally, Generally, On one hand,……

• 为什么要使用连接词

Logical 逻辑性
Readable可读
Coherent 连贯

连词千万不能放句首
衔接词不是一个词性，他是一个功能词，是用来让段落和句子之间更加有连接性和逻辑性，可以放在句首

课堂例子：主体段
Friends and family bring more happiness than money. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples for your own knowledge or experience.
钱和家人和朋友那个更重要？

主体段需要写一个主题句
Friends and family accompany us all the time when we are upset or lonely. For example, batman a wealthy man who likes to help others, lost his parents when he was born. He went though a hard time when his parents died. He is always lonely without any friends or families accompany. Therefore, batman is not satisfied with his life because money can’t buy his happiness.